Hnub ci PV systems raug heev rau xob laim -vim surges vim loj sab nraum zoov PV arrays thiab ntev DC cabling. Tsis zoo li AC systems, PV DC circuits tsis muaj qhov hluav taws xob xoom- hla qhov taw tes, yog li kev xaiv SPD tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam DC arc thiab hluav taws kub. Txheem: IEC 61643-31 / IEC 61643-32.

Cov peev txheej tseem ceeb

Induced xob laim tshaj -voltage los ntawm xob laim nyob ze

Ib feem ntawm xob laim tam sim no rau hauv av-mounted loj- nplai nroj tsuag

Hloov pauv hloov ntawm inverter MPPT ua haujlwm

Surges ua ke rau hauv DC lub zog, AC tso zis thiab cov kab sib txuas lus

Multi-stage SPD Layout

1. DC sab (PV array → inverter input)

Rooftop me-scale PV: Nruab Hom 2 DC- ntsuas SPD ntawm inverter DC input terminals. MCOV (qhov siab tshaj qhov ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua) yuav tsum siab dua 1.15 × PV array qhib- Circuit Court voltage.

Ground-mounted / high-lightning-risk sites: Deploy Type 1+Type 2 combined DC SPD inside PV combiner boxes and inverter DC terminals. If DC cable length >10 m ntawm array thiab inverter, SPD yuav tsum haum rau ob sab ntawm DC cable.

❗ Yuav tsum siv PV- tshwj xeeb DC SPD; zoo tib yam AC SPD tsis tuaj yeem siv rau DC PV circuits.

2. AC sab (inverter AC tso zis → kab sib txuas)

Nruab AC SPD ntawm inverter AC tso zis txee.

Rau cov tsev uas muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud: Hom 1+2 AC SPD ntawm lub rooj sib tham loj.

General rooftop PV: Hom 2 AC SPD tau txais.

3. Teeb liab & kev sib txuas lus circuits

Ntxiv hom 3 teeb liab SPD rau RS485, MODBUS, soj ntsuam sensors thiab taug qab-motor tswj kab kom txwv cov ntaub ntawv-kab surges.

4. Earthing yuav tsum tau

PV module thav duab, mounting brackets, combiner box enclosures thiab inverter vaj tse yuav tsum muaj kev ntseeg siab txuas nrog equipotential grounding system. Lub hauv paus zoo yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv surge.

Kev qhia ceev ceev

Nco tseg: SPD xav tau thaub qab tshaj - tiv thaiv tam sim no (fuse / me me Circuit Court breaker). Hloov SPD thaum qhov ntsuas qhov ua txhaum qhia tsis ua haujlwm.

Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob rau Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob

Cov chaw muaj PLC, zaus converters, servo drives, sensors, instrumentation thiab kev sib txuas lus tsheb npav. Kev puas tsuaj los tsis yog los ntawm xob laim ncaj qha tab sis feem ntau yog los ntawm inductive / conductive transient surges propagating los ntawm lub hwj chim cables, teeb liab kab thiab earthing network. Nws txais yuav 3- txheej txheej kev tiv thaiv lub tswv yim: sab nraud xob laim cuam tshuam → lub zog- nkag surge diversion → khoom siv-kawg zoo clamping.

Txheej 1: Sab nraud tiv thaiv xob laim (xws li xob laim)

Huab cua terminals / xob laim, nqes- cov neeg siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hauv av kom hloov hluav taws xob ncaj qha mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam ncaj qha rau cov tuam tsev thiab khoom siv.

Ua kom muaj kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov qauv hlau: cov khoom siv, cov tais cable, cov ncej steel, cov kav dej. Txo qhov muaj peev xwm sib txawv thaum muaj xwm txheej xob laim.

Tsawg-tsis kam, zoo-meshed grounding network yog qhov tseem ceeb.

Txheej 2: Fais fab mov surge tiv thaiv (qib faib)

Cov txee tseem ceeb: Haum Hom 1 SPD rau qhov chaw nrog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob sab nraud, kom hloov hluav taws xob ib nrab (10/350 μs impulse).

Sub- faib vaj huam sib luag rau thaj chaw tsim khoom: Nruab Hom 2 SPD (8/20 μs impulse) txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab sib chaws- hloov thiab ua rau xob laim tawg.

Tseem ceeb-load txee (rau PLC, automation controllers): Deploy Type 2 or Type 2+3 SPD ze rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los txo cov hluav taws xob seem.

Circuit Court breakers thiab fuses tsis tuaj yeem hloov SPD: lawv hnov ​​​​mob qeeb heev rau nanosecond - theem surges.

Txheej 3: Teeb liab & teb- kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tsheb npav (kev tiv thaiv zoo)

Tiv thaiv txhua qhov nkag / tawm qis -voltage teeb liab cables:

Analog 4-20 mA sensor kab

RS485 / Modbus / Profibus tsheb npav

Ethernet, tswj kev sib cuam tshuam circuits

Siv cov teeb liab- txuam SPDs (GDT + MOV + TVS ntau-theem): loj- lub zog tawm los ntawm GDT; residual voltage yog clamped los ntawm MOV / TVS kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg teeb liab- theem Circuit Court. Lub teeb liab SPD yuav tsum phim lub teeb liab voltage, bandwidth thiab kis impedance.

Cov cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa

Khaws SPD txuas cov conductors luv luv thiab ncaj, txo lub voj voog kom tsis txhob muaj hluav taws xob nce los ntawm cov hlau lead-wire inductance.

SPD xav tau kev txhawb nqa thaub qab tshaj - cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tam sim no.

Cascade kev sib koom ua ke: Hom 1 → Hom 2 → Hom 3, tswj kom muaj kev sib cais impedance / cable ntev ntawm theem rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog.

Cov xwm txheej nyob deb- saib xyuas SPD raug pom zoo rau cov nroj tsuag uas tsis muaj neeg saib xyuas rau lub tswb ua txhaum thaum ntxov.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj

Sab nraud hluav taws xob qws system + equipotential bonding + mesh grounding.

Main switchboard: Hom 1 SPD (yog tias xob laim- pheej hmoo).

Production sub- panels: Hom 2 SPD.

Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb hauv txee: Hom 2+3 lub zog SPD + teeb liab SPD rau txhua qhov chaw xaim.