xob laim ntaus yog qhov tseem ceeb loj heev paug tawm uas tshwm sim thaum them nqi buildup mus rau ib qho chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib tug thunderstorm huab thiab av los yog nruab nrab ntawm lawv, cuam tshuam lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm huab cua. xob laim ntaus yog tshwm sim los ntawm:
1.Direct xob tua
Nyob rau hauv qhov phem tshaj plaws, xob laim tawm ncaj qha ntawm cov tsev, khoom siv lossis cov neeg.
Cov xwm txheej tshwm sim: Cov khoom nyob hauv av (xws li lub tsev siab, tsob ntoo, kev sib kis ntauwd, ntoo, cov yees, cov neeg nyob ib leeg) tsim cov hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws nrog rau thunderclouds, ua rau txoj kev luv tshaj plaws rau kev xa tawm.
2.Indirect Lightning Effects (Ntau dua, dav dua)
Txawm hais tias xob laim tsis tawm tsam koj lub cuab yeej ncaj qha, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj (ntev) los ntawm:
· Induced xob laim (piv rau Electrostatic Induction thiab Electromagnetic Induction):
• Electrostatic induction: Thaum lub thundercloud them nyiaj dhau los, nws ua rau muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj siv hluav taws xob hauv qab no. Thaum huab cua tawm mus rau lwm lub hom phiaj, cov nqi khi no raug tso tawm tam sim ntawd, tsim kom muaj siab -voltage surges uas taug txoj kab.
Electromagnetic induction: Muaj zog thiab tsis tshua muaj tam sim no hauv xob laim channel tuaj yeem ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ntau nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig hlau loops (xws li, lub zog kab, cov kab teeb liab).
· Kev coj ua (Ground Potential Rise):
• Thaum xob laim tawm tsam aa lub tsev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob los yog hauv av nyob ze, ib qho hluav taws xob loj heev dhau los ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv av, ua rau hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov chaw sib cuag tau nce mus txog ntau pua txhiab lossis ntau lab volts hauv ib lub sijhawm. Qhov kev muaj peev xwm siab no tuaj yeem ua "flashback" rau cov cuab yeej sab hauv ntawm lub cuab yeej hauv av xaim, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau qhov sib txawv ntawm lub cuab yeej thiab ua kom puas.
· Lightning Surge Intrusion:
• xob laim tawm tsam nyob deb ntawm cov xov hlau, kab xov tooj, kab xov tooj, thiab lwm yam. Cov hluav taws xob loj heev taug kev raws cov hlau conductors nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nthwv dej, invading thiab puas cov khoom txuas nrog.
Ntu 2: Yuav siv SPD li cas rau kev tiv thaiv
Lub hom phiaj ntawm Surge Protective Device tsis yog los tiv thaiv xob laim, tab sis muab aa muaj kev nyab xeeb, qis -impedance txoj kev xob laim tam sim no thiab surge zog thaum xob laim tawm tsam, yog li txwv qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cuab yeej kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
1. Cov Ntsiab Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm SPD
Xav txog nws li "ntse hloov" lossis "voltage rhiab valve":
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ib txwm: SPD siab impedance thiab qhov tseem ceeb yog qhib Circuit Court nrog me ntsis cuam tshuam rau hauv Circuit Court.
Thaum Surge / Overvoltage tshwm sim: Qhov tshwm sim: SPD dhau los ua lub xeev tsis muaj zog (ceev ceev) hauv nanoseconds, ua haujlwm sai thiab coj cov surges loj ntawm tam sim no mus rau hauv av.
Tom qab qhov kev nce siab poob qis: SPD tau rov pib dua rau nws lub xeev siab impedance thiab lub voj voog rov zoo li qub.
2.Txoj kev tiv thaiv SPD: Ntau-Txoj Kev Tiv Thaiv
Txhawm rau muab kev tiv thaiv zoo, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv hierarchical feem ntau yog siv, xws li ntau kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv:
Qeb 1 / I (Yav tas los Chav B):
Installation qhov chaw: lub ntsiab faib board (kev pab nkag).
Kev Ua Haujlwm: Tshaj tawm feem ntau ntawm xob laim tawm tsam lub zog siab los ntawm kev ncaj qha lossis cuam tshuam xob laim (feem ntau 10/350 μM waveform). SPD nrog lub peev xwm tso tawm siab yog feem ntau siv raws li qhov khoob khoob.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov kab hluav taws xob ntawm tag nrho lub tsev tiv thaiv huab cua loj tshaj plaws.
Qeb 2 / II (yav dhau los C Class):
Qhov chaw: Distribution boards (piv txwv li, pem teb panels) los yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb faib pawg thawj coj saib (xws li, chav neeg rau zaub mov, cua txias, elevator).
Muaj nuj nqi: Ntxiv txwv qhov seem seem thiab absorbs residual zog los ntawm hom 1 SPD. Solid state drives (SSDs) raws li Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) feem ntau yog siv.
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hauv thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.
Qeb 3 / III (yav tas los D):
Qhov chaw: Sab pem hauv ntej kawg ntawm lub cuab yeej, xws li lub ntsaws ntsaws rau lub ntsuas ntsuas lossis lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hauv lub cuab yeej.
Muaj nuj nqi: Muab kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm kev kho qhov hluav taws xob mus rau theem uas lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem tiv taus kev nyab xeeb (feem ntau tsawg dua 1.5 kV).
Lub Hom Phiaj: Txhawm rau muab cov kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws thiab kim tshaj plaws (piv txwv li, servers, khoom siv kho mob, kev lag luam PLCs).
Teeb liab SPDs: kab xws li network cables, xov tooj kab thiab soj ntsuam video cables kuj yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb teeb liab ua tshuab. Lawv ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, tab sis lawv tau tsim los rau qib voltage thiab interface hom teeb liab kab.
3.Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau SPD Installation
• Kev av av zoo yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej: SPD SPD hloov pauv lub zog tsis muaj aa qis -impedance grounding system. Grounding yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv xob laim.
• Cov xov hlau txuas luv luv thiab tuab: SPD kev sib txuas thiab cov xaim hauv av yuav tsum yog luv thiab tuab li ua tau kom txo qis cov hlau lead inductance. Kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev tuaj yeem ua rau pom qhov induction voltage, txo kev tiv thaiv zoo heev.
Kev sib koom ua ke: ntau theem ntawm SSD yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub zog kom ntseeg tau tias maj mam tso tawm raws li tsim los tiv thaiv overloading ntawm ib qho SPD.