Lub surge protector yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv sib txuas los ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab cov hluav taws xob dhau los uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob puas tsuaj. Nws ua haujlwm raws li kev tiv thaiv nruab nrab ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv uas nws tiv thaiv, txwv tsis pub muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo.
Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, lub surge protector ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yooj yim tab sis siv tau zoo. Raws li ib txwm muaj, nws tso cai rau tus qauv hluav taws xob hauv tsev kom dhau mus rau cov khoom siv txuas nrog yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum qhov hluav taws xob nkag mus dhau qhov chaw nyab xeeb- feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig 120 lossis 230 volts nyob ntawm thaj tsam - tus tiv thaiv cov khoom siv sab hauv qhib yuav luag tam sim ntawd txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov hluav taws xob mus rau qib nyab xeeb-. Qhov kev txiav txim clamping no ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsuas yog tswj hwm tus nqi hluav taws xob mus txog cov khoom siv, tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me.
Cov thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv hauv kev tiv thaiv surge yog Hlau Oxide Varistor, lossis MOV. MOV yog ib qho voltage-sensitive tivthaiv nrog ib tug nonlinear kuj yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm ua hauj lwm voltage, nws nthuav tawm heev tiv thaiv, zoo thaiv tam sim no ntws los ntawm nws. Thaum muaj qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim thiab qhov hluav taws xob nce siab tshaj qhov MOV qhov pib clamping, nws qhov kev tiv thaiv poob qis heev, tsim kom muaj qhov qis -impedance txoj kev uas hloov cov tam sim no dhau mus rau hauv av xaim-. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tshwm sim hauv nanoseconds, nrawm dua li qhov hloov pauv txhua yam tuaj yeem teb tau, ua rau MOVs muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv sai.
Lub zog surge absorbed los ntawm lub MOV yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshav kub thiab dissipated. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev tiv thaiv no los ntawm tus nqi: txhua qhov kev tshwm sim surge degrades MOV me ntsis. Thaum lub sij hawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab rov ua dua los yog loj surges, lub MOV lub clamping voltage tej zaum yuav drift, thiab nws muaj peev xwm nqus zog diminishes-. Qhov no degradation yog vim li cas surge protectors muaj ib tug finite lifespan thiab yuav tsum tau hloov ib ntus.
Tshaj li MOVs, qee qhov kev tiv thaiv surges ntiav cov roj tso tawm los yog silicon avalanche diodes, feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke, txhawm rau tswj ntau hom kev nce siab zoo dua. Cov pa roj tso tawm tuaj yeem tswj tau cov dej ntws siab heev, thaum MOVs muab cov lus teb nrawm dua -. Lub qhov dej zoo-tsim tus tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob feem ntau siv ntau theem, sib txuas cov thev naus laus zis los muab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws ntau yam kev kub ntxhov.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, tus tiv thaiv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua, tam sim clamping ib qho hluav taws xob ntau dhau mus rau qib kev nyab xeeb, thiab hloov pauv qhov txaus ntshai surge tam sim no rau hauv av. Qhov no yooj yim tab sis elegant mechanism tiv thaiv txhua yam ntawm computers thiab TVs rau industrial tswj systems los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm lub hwj chim surges.